Arduino也能驱动LED显示屏，LED业界标准Arduino驱动方案解析

confessor · 发表于 2022-2-11 14:04:41

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本帖最后由 zzz 于 2013-6-29 17:08 编辑

现在市面上有很多很多的LED显示屏，但大多都基于同一种，或者同一类型的驱动方式，简称08驱动方式，它内部有LED点阵，74HC595，以及138行扫芯片组成，但毫无例外的，是主控板都采用了STC方案，或者串口方案，而Arduino驱动却鲜有人用，LED业界标准Arduino驱动方案的介绍与解析

重点便是行驱的模式，今天我推荐两种驱动模式，分别是16*16驱动模式，和16*64直接驱动模式，这两种模式各有特点，16*16即是汉字是一个一个取模，一个一个显示，而16*64是取模软件直接取出一幅完整的图像。如果是显示汉字的同学，推荐采用第一种，而显示图形的同学，推荐采用第二种。

下面，先把主体的演示代码发一下。

#define RowA 2
#define RowB 3
#define RowC 4
#define RowD 5
//业界所采用的ABCD 08驱动模式
int hc138en=6; //EN口
//使用了硬件SPI，以下脚不能更改
#define R1 11 //数据出 MOSI
#define CLK 13 //时钟 SCK
#define STB 10 //595 刷新显示 SS
#define DATAIN 12 //数据入,读FLASH时有用 MISO
byte row=0;
byte zzz[] =
{
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xF1,0xFF,0xE3,0xFF,0xC0,0x00,0x00,
0xFF,0xF1,0xFF,0xE3,0xFF,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x70,0x00,0xE0,0x01,0xC0,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0xE0,0x01,0xC0,0x03,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xC0,0x03,0x80,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x03,0x80,0x07,0x00,0x0E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x00,0x0E,0x00,0x1C,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x0E,0x00,0x1C,0x00,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x00,0x38,0x00,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x38,0x00,0x70,0x00,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x70,0x00,0xE0,0x01,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0xE0,0x01,0xC0,0x03,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xF1,0xFF,0xE3,0xFF,0xC0,0x00,0x00,
0xFF,0xF1,0xFF,0xE3,0xFF,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
};
void spi_transfer(volatile char data)
{
SPDR = data; // Start the transmission
while (!(SPSR & (1<<SPIF))) // Wait the end of the transmission
{
};
//return SPDR; // return the received byte
}
void hc138sacn(byte r){ //输出行线状态ABCD （A低,D高)
digitalWrite(RowA,(r & 0x01));
digitalWrite(RowB,(r & 0x02));
digitalWrite(RowC,(r & 0x04));
digitalWrite(RowD,(r & 0x08));
}
void hc595senddata(byte data){// 高位在前反相(1亮0灭)
for (byte i=0; i<8;i++) {
digitalWrite(CLK,0);
if (data & 0x80) {
digitalWrite(R1, 0);
} else {
digitalWrite(R1, 1);
}
data=data<<1;
digitalWrite(CLK,1);
}
}
void setup () {
pinMode(RowA, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RowB, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RowC, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RowD, OUTPUT); //138片选
pinMode(hc138en, OUTPUT); //138 使能
pinMode(R1, OUTPUT);//595 数据
pinMode(CLK, OUTPUT); //595 时钟
pinMode(STB, OUTPUT); //595 使能
pinMode(DATAIN, INPUT); //595 使能
//digitalWrite(hc138d, HIGH);
Serial.begin(19200);
//SPI硬件设置
// SPCR = 01010000
//interrupt disabled,spi enabled,msb 1st,master,clk low when idle,
//sample on leading edge of clk,system clock/4 rate (fastest)
SPCR = (1<<SPE)|(1<<MSTR);
delay(10);
}
void loop () {
if (Serial.available() > 0) {
// read the incoming byte:
row = Serial.read();
// say what you got:
Serial.print("I received: ");
Serial.println(row, DEC);
}
for(row=0;row<16;row++){
for (int i=0;i<8;i++){
spi_transfer(~(zzz[i+row*8]));
}
digitalWrite(hc138en, 1); //关闭显示
hc138sacn(row); //换行
digitalWrite(STB, 0); //595刷新
digitalWrite(STB, 1);
delayMicroseconds(500) ; //节电用,
digitalWrite(hc138en, 0); //开启显示
delayMicroseconds(500) ; //刷新频率调,差不多60HZ,1/16间隔
}
}

复制代码

从上面代码可以轻松的看出驱动原理并不复杂，其实就是把取模软件生成的字模，储存到一个数组里，然后调用arduino的硬件SPI通讯接口，把每8个LED看成是一个十六进制编码，然后一行一行的发送出去，发完一行后，再发出换行指令，就是这么简单。
置于16*16单个汉字取模显示，只要把主loop里的代码改为即可，其实就是简单的数学原理，把数组里的十六进制数按照一组一组提取显示而已~

for(row=0;row<16;row++){
for (int i=0;i<4;i++){//8片595
//硬件SPI 发送8字节耗时:22US
spi_transfer(~(zzz[i*32+row*2])); //硬件SPI
spi_transfer(~(zzz[i*32+row*2+1])); //硬件SPI
}

复制代码

取模软件请选择横向顺序扫描~下载在附件哦~

楼上所有的楼主和访客表示感谢，提供了很多有用的资料。
我在此基础上实现了64*32LED阵列的显示，但是问题是用软件SPI刷新速度跟不上，屏幕呈闪烁状态。顾想通过软硬SPI一起执行，提高速率。但是失败了。用了硬件SPI就没法用软件SPI，用了软件SPI就没法用硬件SPI。（我对SPI通信不是很懂）望各位能不能提供好的方法提高刷新速度。

PS：刷 64 * 16 还算可以，可是64 * 32 就不行了。

附上代码：

int R1=11;
int R2=9;
int STR=10;
int CLK=13;
int EN=6;
int dig0=2;
int dig2=3;
int dig4=4;
int dig8=5;
//int i,m;
unsigned char jj,j;
int down = 0;
int row_ = 0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(R1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(R2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(STR,OUTPUT);
pinMode(CLK,OUTPUT);
pinMode(EN,OUTPUT);
pinMode(dig0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(dig2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(dig4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(dig8,OUTPUT);
//Serial.begin(19200);
//SPCR = (1<<SPE)|(1<<MSTR);
//delay(10);
}
unsigned char zi[]={
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
0xFD,0xFE,0x1E,0x01,0xBF,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0xFD,0xFD,0xEF,0xFD,0xBE,0xFF,0x7F,0x7F,
0xF9,0xFB,0xF7,0xFB,0xBD,0xFF,0x7F,0x7F,0xFA,0xFB,0xFF,0xF7,0xBB,0xFF,0x6F,0x7B,
0x87,0x0D,0xFF,0xEF,0xB7,0xFF,0x70,0x07,0xEF,0xBE,0x1F,0xDF,0xAB,0xFF,0x7C,0x1F,
0xF7,0x7F,0xEF,0xDF,0x9D,0xFF,0x7E,0x3F,0xF7,0x7F,0xF7,0xBF,0xBD,0xFF,0x7C,0x1F,
0xF0,0x7B,0xF7,0x7F,0xBE,0xEF,0x7D,0xDF,0xF7,0x7D,0xEE,0xFF,0xBF,0x6F,0x7B,0xEF,
0xEF,0xBE,0x1E,0x01,0xBF,0xB0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
0xED,0xB7,0xFE,0xFF,0xFD,0xFF,0x90,0x07,0xE5,0x37,0xFF,0x7F,0xFE,0xFF,0xDF,0xF7,
0xF5,0xE0,0x40,0x01,0x80,0x03,0xFF,0xF7,0xC8,0x2F,0xDF,0xFD,0xBF,0xFB,0x60,0x37,
0xF1,0xCE,0xF8,0x07,0xF3,0x3F,0x6F,0xB7,0xCC,0x4E,0xFF,0xCF,0xE7,0xCF,0x6F,0xB7,
0xFB,0xF5,0xFF,0xBF,0x9F,0xE3,0x60,0x37,0xC0,0x75,0xFF,0x7F,0x3F,0xF9,0x6F,0xB7,
0xEE,0xF9,0x80,0x00,0xC0,0x07,0x6F,0xB7,0xEE,0xFB,0xFF,0x7F,0xFE,0xFF,0x60,0x37,
0xF1,0xF5,0xFF,0x7F,0xFE,0xFF,0x6F,0xF7,0xF0,0x4C,0xFF,0x7F,0xFE,0xFF,0x7F,0xF7,
0xCE,0x9F,0x78,0x7F,0x80,0x03,0x7F,0x87,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF
};
void row1(int i)
{
digitalWrite(dig0,(i&0x01));
digitalWrite(dig2,(i&0x02));
digitalWrite(dig4,(i&0x04));
digitalWrite(dig8,(i&0x08));
}
void spi_transfer(volatile char data)
{
SPDR = data; // Start the transmission
while (!(SPSR & (1<<SPIF))) // Wait the end of the transmission
{
};
//return SPDR; // return the received byte
}
void sendbyte(byte bbyte1){// 高位在前反相(1亮0灭)
for (byte i=0; i<8;i++) {
digitalWrite(CLK,0);
if ( bbyte1 & 0x80) {
digitalWrite(R1, 1);
} else {
digitalWrite(R1, 0);
}
bbyte1= bbyte1<<1;
digitalWrite(CLK,1);
}
}
void sendbyte2(byte bbyte1){// 高位在前反相(1亮0灭)
for (byte i=0; i<8;i++) {
digitalWrite(CLK,0);
if ( bbyte1 & 0x80) {
digitalWrite(R2, 1);
} else {
digitalWrite(R2, 0);
}
bbyte1= bbyte1<<1;
digitalWrite(CLK,1);
}
}
void loop()
{
unsigned char row,m,k;
for(row=0;row<16;row++){
for (int i=0;i<8;i++){
sendbyte(zi[i+down*8]);
}
// for(row=0;row<16;row++){
//
// for (int i=0;i<8;i++){
// //spi_transfer((zi[i+down*8]));
// }
down++;
digitalWrite(EN,1);
row1(row);
digitalWrite(STR,0);
digitalWrite(STR,1);
delayMicroseconds(0);
digitalWrite(EN,0);
delayMicroseconds(0);
}
for(row=0;row<16;row++){
for (int i=0;i<8;i++){
sendbyte2(zi[i+down*8]);
}
down++;
digitalWrite(EN,1);
row1(row);
digitalWrite(STR,0);
digitalWrite(STR,1);
delayMicroseconds(0);
digitalWrite(EN,0);
delayMicroseconds(0);
}
down = 0;
}

复制代码

还有一段在uno上能正常跑起来的滚屏

#define RowA 2
#define RowB 3
#define RowC 4
#define RowD 5
//业界所采用的ABCD 08驱动模式
/* 2 ABCD G1 G2 STB CLK 16 1 N N N EN R1 R2 N N 15*/
int hc138en=6; //EN口
//使用了硬件SPI，以下脚不能更改
#define R1 11 //数据出 MOSI
#define CLK 13 //时钟 SCK
#define STB 10 //595 刷新显示 SS 锁存 STB(LT)为锁存信号，CLK(CK)为时钟信号
#define DATAIN 12 //数据入,读FLASH时有用 MISO
char yid,h; //YID为移动计数器，H为行段计数器
int zimuo; //字模计数器
byte Zdate[10]; //缓存
byte zzz[] =
{/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
; 源文件 / 文字 : 吉祥如意
; 宽×高（像素）: 64×16
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x01,0x00,0x01,0x04,0xFF,0xFE,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x08,0x7F,0xFC,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xF0,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x1F,0xF0,0x10,0x10,0x00,0x00,/*"吉",0*/
0x21,0x04,0x10,0x88,0x10,0x50,0xFD,0xFE,0x04,0x20,0x08,0x20,0x11,0xFC,0x38,0x20,
0x54,0x20,0x94,0x20,0x13,0xFE,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,/*"祥",1*/
0x10,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x18,0x00,0x10,0x7E,0xFE,0x42,0x22,0x42,0x22,0x42,0x22,0x42,
0x22,0x42,0x24,0x42,0x14,0x42,0x08,0x42,0x14,0x7E,0x23,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x80,0x00,/*"如",2*/
0x01,0x00,0x3F,0xFC,0x08,0x20,0x04,0x40,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xF0,0x12,0x10,
0x11,0x10,0x1F,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x29,0x08,0x28,0x84,0x68,0x14,0x07,0xF0,0x00,0x00,/*"意",3*/
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
};
void spi_transfer(volatile char data)
{
SPDR = data; // Start the transmission
while (!(SPSR & (1<<SPIF))) // Wait the end of the transmission
{
};
//return SPDR; // return the received byte
}
void hc138sacn(byte r){ //输出行线状态ABCD （A低,D高)
digitalWrite(RowA,(r & 0x01));
digitalWrite(RowB,(r & 0x02));
digitalWrite(RowC,(r & 0x04));
digitalWrite(RowD,(r & 0x08));
}
/**************************************************************************************
左移显示数据生成模块：(功能相当于有返回值的函数 )
***************************************************************************************/
char two_onebyteL(char h1,char h2)
{
char temp,tempcol; //输出变量；列移动位数变量。
if(yid<8)
tempcol=yid;
else
tempcol=yid-8;
temp=(h1<<tempcol)|(h2>>(8-tempcol)); //左移显示
temp=255-temp;
return temp; //将显示数据返回显示输出函数。
}
/*************************************************************************************
左移待显示数据调取函数
*************************************************************************************/
void loadoneline_L(void)
{
char s; //此处不要用uchar定义s
for(s=4;s>=0;s--) //s值为屏数加1（16*16为一屏）
{
Zdate[2*s]=zzz[zimuo+32*s+2*h];
Zdate[2*s+1]=zzz[zimuo+1+32*s+2*h]; //左移显示
}
}
/**********************************************************************************
左移显示数据输出函数 : 为显示数据生成模块的h1、h2赋值并且输出合成后的新的h1、h2数据
***********************************************************************************/
void sendoneline_L(void)
{
char s;char inc;
if(yid<8)inc=0;else inc=1;
for(s=0+inc;s<8+inc;s++)
{ //左移显示:单屏s=1+，4屏s=7+，8屏s=15+；
spi_transfer(two_onebyteL(Zdate[s],Zdate[s+1]));
}
}
int uiAllData = sizeof(zzz)-128; //定义显示字幕数据的长度 2048/32=64
void setup ()
{
pinMode(RowA, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RowB, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RowC, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RowD, OUTPUT); //138片选
pinMode(hc138en, OUTPUT); //138 使能
pinMode(R1, OUTPUT);//595 数据
pinMode(CLK, OUTPUT); //595 时钟
pinMode(STB, OUTPUT); //595 使能
pinMode(DATAIN, INPUT); //595 使能
//digitalWrite(hc138d, HIGH);
Serial.begin(19200);
SPCR = (1<<SPE)|(1<<MSTR);
delay(10);
}
void loop ()
{
char i,d=10;
yid=0;
h=0;
zimuo=0;
while(1)
{
while(yid<16) //数据移位。
{
for(i=0;i<d;i++) //移动速度
{
for(h=0;h<16;h++)
{
loadoneline_L();
sendoneline_L();
digitalWrite(hc138en, 1); //关闭显示
digitalWrite(STB, 0); //595刷新
digitalWrite(STB, 1);
hc138sacn(h); //换行
delayMicroseconds(50) ; //节电用,
digitalWrite(hc138en, 0); //开启显示
delayMicroseconds(500) ; //刷新频率调,差不多60HZ,1/16间隔
}
}
yid++; //移动一步
}
yid=0;
zimuo=zimuo+32; //后移一个字，
if(zimuo>= uiAllData ) //定义显示字幕数据的长度 2048/32=64 即显示完64个16*16大小的字符后重新循环
zimuo=0;
}
}

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